Chapter 1: Introduction to Artificial Intelligence Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force with the potential to revolutionize virtually every aspect of human society. At its core, AI refers to the development of computer systems that can perform tasks traditionally requiring human intelligence, such as learning, reasoning, and problem-solving. With advancements in machine learning, deep learning, and neural networks, AI has transcended its roots in academia and research labs to become a ubiquitous presence in our daily lives. The evolution of AI can be traced back to the early days of computer science, with pioneers such as Alan Turing laying the theoretical groundwork for intelligent machines. However, it wasn't until the advent of modern computing and the development of powerful algorithms that AI truly began to flourish. The field experienced exponential growth in the latter half of the 20th century, with breakthroughs in areas such as expert systems,...